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Seaweed is a traditional Chinese medicine homologous to food, in which polysaccharides are responsible for anti-cancer by enhancing immunity, inducing cancer cell apoptosis, inhibiting cancer cell invasion and metastasis or directly scavenging oxidative free radicals that induce cancer cell changes. Among them, regulating immunity and promoting cancer cell apoptosis are intensively studied due to the important role in preventing cancer. Here we reviewed seaweed in the apoptosis-inducing signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, ROS and JNK and discussed challenges in studying seaweed.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of different anesthesia methods on the immune function in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:Forty patients of both sexes, aged 31-64 yr, with body mass index of 19-23 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing elective radical resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and repair of the defect with free flap, were enrolled and randomized to receive either combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia (VICA group, n=20) or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA group, n=20) using a random number table method.In group VICA, anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg, remifentanil 1-2 μg/kg, and cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg, sevoflurane was continuously inhaled to maintain MAC at 1.3, sevoflurane inhalation was stopped at 1 h before the end of surgery, sevoflurane was replaced with propofol, propofol 4-6 mg·kg -1·h -1 was continuously infused until the end of operation, and dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg·kg -1·h -1, remifentanil 0.2-0.3 μg·kg -1·min -1 and cisatracurium 0.1 mg·kg -1·h -1 were intravenously infused at the same time to maintain anesthesia.In group TIVA, anesthesia induction was the same as those previously described in group VICA, and anesthesia was maintained with intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg·kg -1·h -1, propofol 4-6 mg·kg -1·h -1, remifentanil 0.2-0.3 μg·kg -1·min -1 and cisatracurium 0.1 mg·kg -1·h -1.Venous blood samples were taken at 30 min before anaesthesia induction (T 0), 3 h after anaesthesia (T 1), at the end of operation (T 2), and at 6, 24 and 48 h after operation (T 3-5) for determination of the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), interleukins (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, sIL-2Rα) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, the concentrations of serum sIL-2Rα at T 1-5, IL-2 at T 1-4 and IL-10 at T 1 were significantly decreased, the concentrations of serum IL-6 at T 1-5 and IL-10 at T 2-4 were increased, and the concentrations of serum IgA and IgM at T 1-5 were decreased in two groups, and the concentrations of serum IgG at T 1-5 in TIVA group and at T 1, 2 and T 4, 5 in VICA group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05).Compared with group TIVA, the concentrations of serum sIL-2Rα at T 2, 5, IL-6 at T 4, 5 and IL-10 at T 3, IgA at T 4 and IgG at T 3 were significantly increased, and the concentrations of serum IL-2 at T 1-5 and IgA at T 5 were decreased in group VICA ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both general anesthesia methods have significant inhibitory effects on intraoperative and postoperative cellular immune function and humoral immune function in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia produces higher inhibitory effects on cellular immune function than total intravenous anesthesia.
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Immune checkpoints are the crucial regulators of immune system and play essential roles in maintaining self-tolerance, preventing autoimmune responses, and minimizing tissue damage by regulating the duration and intensity of the immune response. Furthermore, immune checkpoints are usually overexpressed in cancer cells or noninvasive cells in tumor tissues and are capable of suppressing the antitumor response. Based on substantial physiological analyses as well as preclinical and clinical studies, checkpoint molecules have been evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple types of cancers. In the last few years, extensive evidence has supported the immunoregulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). The main advantage of TCMs and natural medicine is that they usually contain multiple active components, which can act on multiple targets at the same time, resulting in additive or synergistic effects. The strong immune regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine on immune checkpoints has also been of great interest. For example,
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Objective@#To investigate the self-reported prevalence, clinical characteristics, complications of allergic rhinitis (AR) and the sensitization of outdoor air pollen allergens in children in the Inner mongolia grassland region.@*Methods@#A multistage, stratified and random clustered sampling with a face-to-face interview survey study in children from 0 to 17 years old was performed together with 10 common allergen skin prick tests (SPT) and measurements of the daily pollen count in 6 regions in the Inner mongolia grassland region from May to August of 2015. SAS 9.4 software was used for data analysis.@*Results@#A total of 2 443 subjects completed the study. The self-reported prevalence of AR was 26.6%. The prevalence of boys was higher than that of girls (28.8% vs 24.3%, χ2=6.157, P<0.05). Subjects from urban areas showed higher prevalence than rural areas (34.7% vs 18.8%, χ2=79.107, P<0.05). There was significant regional difference in the prevalence of AR among the six areas investigated (χ2=221.416, P<0.05). The main clinical symptoms of AR were sneezing (88.2%) and nasal congestion (78.6%). Among combined diseases, asthma accounted for 16.5% (107/650), rhinoconjunctivitis accounted for 47.9% (311/650). The peak season of AR was April and July, with the top SPT positive allergens of Artemisia species and chenopodium in this area.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence AR in children in the Inner mongolia grassland region is extremely high. Sneezing is the main clinical symptom. Rhinoconjunctivitis is the most common combined disease. High summer and autumn pollen exposure is the main cause of AR.
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Objective@#To describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in permanent residents and migrants in Shanghai during 2005 to 2015 and provide suggestions for the HIV/AIDS prevention.@*Methods@#The data of HIV/AIDS was collected from the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System based on report date. The population data was collected from the statistical yearbook of Shanghai. Spatial analysis was conducted using the hotspots model in ArcGIS. SaTScan software was employed to determine the distribution of HIV clusters in space, time or both.@*Results@#During 2005 to 2015, a total of 13 498 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in Shanghai. The prevalence of HIV increased from 0.025/105 (450 cases) to 0.093/105 (2 236 cases). The prevalence of AIDS increased from 0.002/105 (32 cases) to 0.028/105 (683 cases). Hotspot analysis showed that the hot spot of incidence of migrants had moved from Hongkou (2005) (Z=2.96, P=0.003) to Changning (2006-2015) (all Z>1.96, P<0.05); whereas the hot spot of incidence of permanent residents had moving from Jinshan (2005-2007) (all Z>2.58, P<0.01) to downtown area (2006-2015) (all Z>1.96, P<0.05). The spatial high clusters of HIV and AIDS were same, including Huangpu, Xuhui, Changning, Jingan, Putuo, Hongkou and Yangpu; The temporal high clusters of HIV cases among permanent residents were 2011 to 2015, and the spatial clusters were Huangpu, Xuhui, Changning, Jingan. The temporal high clusters of HIV cases among migrants were 2014 to 2015, and the spatial clusters was Xuhui, Changning, Jingan.@*Conclusion@#The total HIV/AIDS incidence in Shanghai was clustered in downtown area. The cluster of the incidence of the permanent residents had moving towards that of migrants, indicating the cluster area deserves a close surveillance.
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Objective To explore the technique of maximum entropy model for extracting Oncomelania hupensis snail habi?tats in Poyang Lake zone. Methods The information of snail habitats and related environment factors collected in Poyang Lake zone were integrated to set up the maximum entropy based species model and generate snail habitats distribution map. Two Land?sat 7 ETM+remote sensing images of both wet and drought seasons in Poyang Lake zone were obtained,where the two indices of modified normalized difference water index(MNDWI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)were applied to ex?tract snail habitats. The ROC curve,sensitivities and specificities were applied to assess their results. Furthermore,the impor?tance of the variables for snail habitats was analyzed by using Jackknife approach. Results The evaluation results showed that the area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of testing data by the remote sensing?based method was only 0.56, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.23 and 0.89 respectively. Nevertheless,those indices above?mentioned of maximum en?tropy model were 0.876,0.89 and 0.74 respectively. The main concentration of snail habitats in Poyang Lake zone covered the northeast part of Yongxiu County,northwest of Yugan County,southwest of Poyang County and middle of Xinjian County,and the elevation was the most important environment variable affecting the distribution of snails,and the next was land surface tem?perature(LST). Conclusions The maximum entropy model is more reliable and accurate than the remote sensing?based meth?od for the sake of extracting snail habitats,which has certain guiding significance for the relevant departments to carry out mea?sures to prevent and control high?risk snail habitats.
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@#Objective To understand the epidemical patterns of schistosomiasis in Guichi District of Chizhou City，Anhui Province，in order to provide the reference for schistosomiasis control. Methods The annual data of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Guichi District from 1991 to 2011 were collected. The descriptive analysis was first conducted to describe the changes of schistosomiasis in local residents and the status of Oncomelania hupensis. An autoregressive integrated moving average （ARIMA）model was applied to fit and predict the tendency of schistosomiasis incidence in this region. Results The humanmorbidity increased with the increasing of the areas with snail habitats（P < 0.05），and four peaks（in 1992，1995，2005，2008）were detected. The difference of the area with snails among different types of snail habitats was statistically significant（F = 256.79，P < 0.05）. ARIMA（1，1，1）was determined to be the optimal model for analyzing the morbidity of schistosomiasis，and the short⁃term forecast of the morbidity in Guichi District from 2012 to 2015 showed that the predicted values were 0.017%，0.007%，0.012%，and 0.010%，respectively. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Guichi District is controlled relatively well in the past two decades. However，the surveillance in the lake and marshland regions should be strengthened continuously to prevent the rebounding of the schistosomiasis endemic situation.
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Objective To describe and analyze the epidemiologic and spatio-temporal characteristics of hepatitis E in China from 2004 to 2014.Methods Data on the incidence of hepatitis E in 31 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) from 2004 to 2014,were collected.Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was applied to decompose the time-series data to accurately describe the trend of hepatitis E incidence.Mathematic model was used to estimate the annual change of incidence in each age group and the whole province.Software ArcGIS 10.1 and SaTScan 9.01 were used to analyze the spatio-temporal clusters.Results During 2004-2014,a total of 245 414 hepatitis E cases were reported in China.The overall incidence showed a slight increase (OR=1.05,95％CI:1.03-1.10).Incidence rates on hepatitis E were discovered different across the provinces,with significant increase appearing in the southern,central and northwestern areas.The highest increase was seen in the elderly,especially in the 65-69 and 70-74 year-olds.Results from the Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the “high-high cluster” was moving from the north to the south and the “low-low cluster” disappeared as time went by.Data from Spatio-temporal scanning showed that there were five spatio-temporal clustering areas across the country.Conclusion The overall incidence of hepatitis E was on the rise from 2004 to 2014,in China,but with differences seen across the areas and age groups.
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Objective To describe and analyze the epidemiologic and spatio-temporal characteristics of hepatitis E in China from 2004 to 2014.Methods Data on the incidence of hepatitis E in 31 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) from 2004 to 2014,were collected.Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was applied to decompose the time-series data to accurately describe the trend of hepatitis E incidence.Mathematic model was used to estimate the annual change of incidence in each age group and the whole province.Software ArcGIS 10.1 and SaTScan 9.01 were used to analyze the spatio-temporal clusters.Results During 2004-2014,a total of 245 414 hepatitis E cases were reported in China.The overall incidence showed a slight increase (OR=1.05,95％CI:1.03-1.10).Incidence rates on hepatitis E were discovered different across the provinces,with significant increase appearing in the southern,central and northwestern areas.The highest increase was seen in the elderly,especially in the 65-69 and 70-74 year-olds.Results from the Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the “high-high cluster” was moving from the north to the south and the “low-low cluster” disappeared as time went by.Data from Spatio-temporal scanning showed that there were five spatio-temporal clustering areas across the country.Conclusion The overall incidence of hepatitis E was on the rise from 2004 to 2014,in China,but with differences seen across the areas and age groups.
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Precision medicine pointed out the future direction for medicine,providing new opportunities for the development of TCM,putting forward higher requirements and encountering severe challenges of the quality research of TCM.In view of the core connotation of precision medicine and the characteristics of TCM,we presented the precision connotation of quality based on the basic attributes,the clinical application and function characteristics of TCM in accordance with the thinking mode and method of the transformation research.In this article,we indicated the research approach for the scientific evaluation and effective control of quality based on the precise cognition of TCM.
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Objective To compare the effects between propofol and sevoflurane on NK cells and B lymphocytes in patients undergoing radical operation for tongue cancer.Methods Forty patients (male 25 cases,femal 1 5 cases,aged 44-67 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ)undergoing elective radical operation for tongue cancer were randomized into 2 groups:group P received 2.0-2.5 mg/kg propo-fol,1-2 μg/kg remifentanil,0.1 5 mg/kg cis-atracurium for induction and 4-6 mg · kg- 1 · h- 1 propofol, 0.2-0.3 μg · kg- 1 · min- 1 remifentanil for maintenance; group S received 8 %sevoflurane with 5 L/min fresh gas flow,1-2 μg/kg remifentanil,0.1 5 mg/kg cis-atracurium for in-duction and 2 %-3 % sevoflurane, 0.2-0.3 μg · kg- 1 · min- 1 remifentanil for maintenance. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken at 3 0 min before (T0 )and 1 h (T1 ),3 h (T2 )and 5 h (T3 )after induction of anesthesia,the end of operation (T4 )and at 2 4 h (T5 ),4 8 h (T6 )and 7 2 h (T7 )after operation for determination of the percentages of NK cells (CD3 - CD1 6 + 5 6 + )and B lymphocytes(CD3 - CD1 9 + )by the flow cytometer.Results Compared with T0 ,the percentages of CD3 - CD1 6 + 5 6 + and CD3 - CD1 9 + in two groups were significantly decreased at T1-T5 (P <0.0 5 ),and the percentage of CD3 - CD1 6 + 5 6 + in group S was significantly decreased at T6 (P <0.0 5 ).The percentage of CD3 - CD1 6 + 5 6 + in group S were significantly lower than that in group P at T2-T6 (P < 0.0 5 ).There were no significant difference in the percentages of CD3 - CD1 9 +between two groups at the same time points.Conclusion Compared with sevoflurane,propofol can maintain a higher percentage of NK cells,and was helpful to maintain the immune function in patients undergoing radical operation for tongue cancer.
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Study on pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is one of the key points of CMM modern research. It is also the core of ascertaining the overall efficacy and the function essence of CMM. It is an important basis for the safety, efficacy and quality control of CMM. However, since the multiple components, complex medical effects and interactions among effective components of CMM, the clarification of pharmacodynamic material basis has become a difficult question, which restricts the CMM modernization. Therefore, pharmacodynamic material basis of CMM has received widespread attention in the academic field. Many experts and scholars have done a lot of research and practice on this area. This article analyzed relevant literatures about pharmacodynamic material basis researches of CMM, and reviewed connotation, research thoughts and methods of CMM. It discussed some existing problems in current studies. The goal was to provide references for pharmacodynamic material basis of CMM.
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Objective To compare the efficacy between arthroscopic assisted reduction and traditional opera-tion approach for the treatment of tibial plateau fractures.Methods 75 patients with tibial plateau fracture(SchatzkerⅠ -Ⅳ type)were recruited,which were randomly divided into the arthroscopic and traditional operation group according to different treatment methods.The clinical efficacy and value of arthroscopically assisted reduction was ana-lyzed and compared according to the incidence of postoperative complications,the operative time,incision length,blood loss,hospital stay,and clinical efficacy between the two groups.Results Compared with the data in the traditional operation group,the incidence of postoperative complications (2.70% vs.21.3%)was significantly lower(χ2 =5.980,P =0.014).The operative time[(88.1 ±15.2)min vs.(103.8 ±22.1)min]was significantly shorter(t =3.575,P =0.001).And the incision length[(6.7 ±2.3)cm vs.(10.8 ±2.7)cm)]declined greatly(t =5.745,P =0.000).The hospital stay time and blood loss were significantly lower than that of the traditional operation group[(4.5 ± 2.3)d vs.(6.5 ±3.1)d;(145.2 ±43.0)mL vs.(294.4 ±90.2)mL,respectively],and the differences were statisti-cally significant(t =3.166,P =0.003;t =7.829,P =0.000,respectively).The excellent rate of clinical features in arthroscopic group(86.49%)was higher than that of traditional operation group(71.05%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =3.723,P =0.039).Conclusion Arthroscopic -assisted reduction has many features for the tibial plateau fractures (SchatzkerⅠ -Ⅳ type),such as lower incidence of postoperative complications,less trau-ma,shorter operative time,and better postoperative knee function and so on,so it is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF),P53 level and liver cancer infiltration in the microenvironment of the liver cancer pathological.Methods Flow cytometry was used to determine the P53 expression.Immunohistochemical method was applied to detect the expression of HIF characteristics,the correlation between Liver function (alanine amiotransferase (ALT),albumin (ALB),alpha fetoprotein(AFP))and HIF,P53.Results HIP positive rate in patients with encapsulated with incomplete,tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm and＞ 5 cm,tumor stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 50.0％ (14/28) and 33.3％ (14/42),43.6 ％ (17/39)and 22.6％ (7/31),29.7％ (11/37)and 18.2％ (6/33)respectively.The HIF positive rate decrease in patients with capsular damage,tumor diameter increases (＞ 5 cm),Ⅲ patients,and differences between groups were statistically significant (P =0.040,0.030,0.030,respectively).P53 positive expression rate were 42.9％ (12/28) vs.83.3％ (35/42),51.3％ (20/39) vs.93.5％ (29/31),35.1％ (13/37) vs.69.7％ (23/33).The P53 positive expression in patients with capsular damage,tumor diameter increases (＞ 5 cm),Ⅲ patients with were relatively higher,the difference between groups was statistically significant (P =0.030,0.030,0.040,respectively).HIP positive rate in patient with past suffering from chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis and chronic AFP ＞ 35 ng/L,ALT ＞ 80 U/L were 36.2％ (21/58),27.9％ (17/61),27.1％ (14/51),28.2％ (11/39),lower than that of 58.3％ (7/12) in non-chronic hepatitis,non-cirrhotic 55.0％ (5/9),AFP ＜35 ng/L 58.0％ (11/19),ALT ＜ 80 U/L 51.6％ (16/31) of patients,the differences were statistically significant (P =0.046,0.047,0.037,0.045,respectively).P53 positive rate in patient with past sufering from chronic cirrhosis,AFP ＞ 35 ng/L,ALT ＞ 80 U/L,albumin ＜ 35 g/L were 82.0％ (50/61),74.5％ (38/51),69.2％ (27/39),73.7％ (42/57),respectively,higher than that of patient without chronic cirrhosis 44.4％ (4/9),or with AFP ＜ 35 ng/L 31.6％ (6/19),ALT ＜ 80 U/L 22.6％ (7/31),albumin ＞ 35 g/L 46.2％ (6/13).Tthe differences were statistically significant (P =0.037,0.040,0.032,0.041,respectively).Conclusion HIF and P53 might be the important factor in monitoring the development of hepatocellular carcinoma invasion.
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The article reviewed the research progress of ligustilide in recent years and elaborated its pharmacological functions and mechanisms in detail,especially in ischemic brain injury.Its mechanism includes reducing cerebral infarct volumes and improving neurobehavioral deficits,anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis,antithrombotic activity,calcium channel blockers function,and effect on erythropoietin.Other pharmacological effects of ligustilide including inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,effects on LPS-induced endotoxic shock,inhibiting constriction effect,suppression of the central nervous system,and ameliorating the memory impairment induced by scopolamine and so on,are also introduced.Ligustilide has potential pharmacological value,which provides a reference for its further research and development.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship among processing methods and chemical compounds.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC was used to compare the difference between pre and post processing. The main peaks in chromatogram were identified and divided into groups of chemical compounds. The contents of identified compounds and groups of chemical compounds were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The chromatographic peaks were divided into three groups of chemical compounds that were flavonoid glocosides, uinazoline alkaloids and bitter principle, indoloquinazoline alkaloids. The contents of flavonoid glocosides were reduced in each processed product, and that in hot-water processing product were the least. The contents of all three groups of chemical compounds were decreased in Coptidis Rhizoma processing products. The dissolving release of quinolones alkaloids were increased in wine, salt, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and ginger processing products.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different processing methods caused different changes of chemical compounds.</p>
Subject(s)
Coptis , Chemistry , Drug Compounding , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Metabolism , Evodia , Chemistry , Metabolism , Flavonoids , Ginger , Chemistry , Quinazolines , Solvents , ChemistryABSTRACT
At the boundary between pharmacognosy and molecular biology, molecular pharmacognosy has developed as a new borderline discipline. This paper reviews the methods, application, and prospect of molecular pharmacognosy. DNA marker is one of genetic markers and some molecular marker methods which have been successfully used for genetic diversity identification and new medicinal resources development. Recombinant DNA technology provides a powerful tool that enables scientists to engineer DNA sequences. Gene chip technique could be used in determination of gene expression profiles, analyses of polymorphisms, construction of genomic library, analysis of mapping, and sequencing by hybridization. Using the methods and theory of molecular biology and pharmacognosy, molecular pharmacognosy represents an extremely prospective branch of pharmacognosy and focuses on the study of systemic growth of medicinal plants, identification and evaluation of germplasm resources, plant metabolomics and production of active compounds. Furthermore, the great breakthrough of molecular pharmacognosy could be anticipated on DNA fingerprint analysis, cultivar improvement, DNA identification, and a global DNA barcoding system in the future.
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Eurycoma longifolia,also known as Tongkat Ali in Malaysia,as one of traditional herbal medicines,is used for centuries in South-East Asia.With the discovery of anticancer and anti-HIV properties,this herbal medicine has attracted great attention recently.In this review,the following information on E.longifolia,including chemistry,bioactivities,pharmacokinetics,clinical studies,and side effects and safety,was introduced.Our results,to a certain extent,will provide scientific base for commercial utilization and clearance of the Tongkat Ali products with regard to consumers' safety.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different general anesthesia protocols on immune function in patients with oral malignant tumor. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients undergoing elective radical operation for oral malignant tumor were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 each): group Ⅰ total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA); group Ⅱ combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia (IV-INH) and group Ⅱ inhalational anesthesia (INN). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and remifentanll in group Ⅰ; with sevoflurane,propofol and remifentanil in group Ⅱ and with sevoflurane and remifentanil in group Ⅲ. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken at 30 min before (To) and 1 h (T1), 3 h (T2 ) and 5 h (T3) after induction of anesthesia, the end of operation (T4 ) and at 24 h (T5 ), 48 h (T6 ) and 72 h (T7) after operation for determination of the percentages of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio). Natural killer (NK) cells (CD16+ ,CD56+ ) and B lymphocyte (CD19+ ) with flow cytometer. Results The percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , NK cells, B lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly decreased during and after operation at T1-5 in all groups and the percentges of CD3+ ,CD4+ ,NK cells and CD4+/CD3+ ratio were decreased at T6 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with the baseline values before anesthesia at To. The percentage of CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ratio were significantly lower during anesthesia at T2,3,6 in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ . The percentages of CD4 +and NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher after operation at T4,5 in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅲ.The percentages of CD3 + , CD4 + , NK cells and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio were significantly lower at T2-6 in group Ⅲthan in group Ⅰ . Conclusion TIVA with midazolam, propofol and remifentanil has less impact on immune function than inhalational and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia in patients with oral malignant tumor under-going elective radical operation.
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"Disease-syndromes-formulas-medicines" binding mode is benefit to reveal the scientific connotation of the compatibility and mechanism of classical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this article, Zuojin Wan was used as a model prescription, with the etiology and pathogenesis of liver-fire invading stomach in TCM, and modern pathological and pharmacological interpretation, the compatibility, nature-flavour, channel tropism, the active substance and pharmacology of Zuojin Wan were explained, in order to reveal the compatibility, nature-flavour and channel tropism of Zuojin Wan, and to provide ideas for the development of modern compound prescription.